The most criminological researches have focused on conventional violent crimes in recent years. However, we have a little information about victimization of white-collar crime and a few researches have conducted in this area.Critical criminologists are interested in victimology of white-collar crime.They called victim of white-collar crimes as invisible victims. The nature of white-collar victimization is financial although it may lead to serious physical harms. Patterns of victimization in conventional crimes are different to patterns of white-collar crime victimization although these patterns are similar to each other to some extent. Patterns and types of victimization in white-collar crimes are varied by gender, age, and socio-economic class.Beyond the direct economic costs, white-collar crimes have many significant indirect costs which are harmful as well as direct ones.

The explanation and categorization of white –collar crimes have been analyzed in an interdisciplinary manner by criminologists, lawyers, sociologists, management, etc. According to body metaphor, white-collar crimes are called phosphorus crimes. These crimes are often done by high and middle class people who are working in administrative and organizational departments. Considering damages resulting from middle-class crimes, such crimes have been reported forty times more than those of street crimes, few attempts have been made for their discovery and investigation. The purpose of the current paper was to investigate criminological approaches and typology of white –collar crimes. While using a documentation method, the present paper analyzed and explained the typology of white-collar crimes through positivism, constructionism and meta-theoretical approaches. Meanwhile, it investigated the relationship between these sorts of crimes and other social crimes.

Increase of government control in economic affairs is an appropriate setting for administrative and economic corruption among governmental workers and an important factor in government employees’ crime hype. Criminal policy in its difficult meaning is based on criminal tools and in the expanded meaning it is based on non-criminal and preventive tools. Iran’ s criminal policy makers in the legislative, judicial and executive areas are trying to control and reduce the these crime rates through taking reactive measures and codifying different criminal laws and even intensifying the punishment of the perpetrators of economic and white collar crimes, but the increase in the statistics of administrative corruption shows the failure of these policies. In this research, Iran’ s criminal policy approach is reviewed in terms of legislative and judicial aspects towards the white collar crimes so that the weak points and causes of failure of the criminal policy are clarified. It seems that the solution to succeed in the criminal policy towards government employees is a change in the punishment-centric approach to the scientific and preventive approach. Taking a criminal policy based on crime preventive measures, eliminating the setting of crime perpetration with the help of criminology science and making more use of non-criminal responses towards white collar crimes can play an important role in the control and reduction of these kinds of crimes.

Field and Aims: Sutherland, by designing and highlighting white-collar crimes, questions and raises common criminological theories at a time when factors such as poverty, family breakdown, and poor intelligence were implicated in crime formation. Why do white-collar criminals who have not been exposed to such factors turn to crime? The preventive criminal policy approach has become necessary to deal with white-collar crimes because they are criminally extremely dangerous. Method: The present article has been done by descriptive and analytical methods. Findings: : In the field of criminal prevention, despite the development of a wide range of responses and diversification to them, as well as alternative mechanisms used in the face of white-collar crimes, these new approaches have not been considered by Iran's legislative criminal policy. White and the ineffectiveness of guaranteeing classical performances in dealing with them, we need differential legislative measures in this regard. Conclusion: The most important non-criminal prevention strategies in order to prevent the situation in the form of transparency in the form of reporting and declaration of assets, and social prevention can also increase public awareness in preventing the abuse of white-collar criminals and promote civil society participation, reduce white-collar delinquency.

Background and Objective: White-collar crimes alongside economic losses has consequences that are far more damaging, including the weakening of social trust and the deterioration of national security. Hence this research focused on economic security and thus on national security. Method: A descriptive-analytical study was carried out using library resources. First, all the books, articles and works of all scholars who commented on white collar crime were studied. In addition to the crime, the aforementioned works had important debates in the social, political and security fields. But for the purposes of the main research questions and questions, we extracted texts that were, in terms of meanings and themes, related to the security implications of white collar crimes. We then compared the extracted texts with each other to provide a rational connection between them. Results: The economic corruption caused by white collar delinquency directly affects national security. It is one of the key indicators of national security. As a result, national security is weakened.

In today's world, technology is progressing at a great speed. Criminals are well aware of this opportunity maker position and take advantage of technological advances for advancement of their goals. In addition to the creation of new crime tools, information and communication technology has also been a source of new crime, which with the expansion of the criminal environment beyond the geographical boundaries of a country, the process of globalization has accelerated the crime. The invention of virtual currencies has accelerated the process. Virtual currencies claim to be in line with conventional currencies, are trying to break the traditional taboos of production and distribution of money by governments and provide an informal currency with user-generated capabilities. This has led to the transformation of some of the traditional criminological concepts. White collar delinquency or white collars delinquency is one of those concepts that has evolved with the expansion of virtual space and its specific tools, as some thinkers refer to as "virtual collar crimes. " This study, after examining the dimensions of virtual white collar crimes or virtual collar crimes, analyzes the tendency of virtual criminals to use virtual currencies in committing delinquency according to some criminal cases.

More than six decades past since the important and everlasting work of Edwin H. Sutherland, The famous professor of penal sociology in the U.S.A, entitled "white-collar crime", has been published. Sutherland explained this topic in terms of its importance for the civil society of the U.S.A, and opened a new way which was later pursued by the celebrated criminologists. From the criminologists point of view, white- collar criminals who have no ethical conscience, enjoy high ability to commit a crime on one hand, and their conformitibility is in a high level on the other hand. This point expresses the probable harms of these good- looking criminals and their dangerous state. White- collar criminals belong to high social classes, they enjoy power and effectual influence. They commit crimes such as fraud, embezzlement, bribery, forgery, abuse of credit cards, efc. In Sutherlands definition, "white-collar crime" is a crime committed by a person of high status in the course of occupation. They are called white - collar criminals, because of their plausible face, public reputation, intelligence and being under social acceptability. The effects of their criminal acts are in a manner, which their results predominantly remain for a long time. However , its necessary to study the white- collar crimes whit respect to their destructive effects on communities through a comprehensive approach, especially from criminologicaly aspects.

Background and Aim: White-collar crimes are important crimes in the administrative system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which need to be addressed. Considering the instructive life of Imam Ali (AS) in protecting the treasury, in this article, an attempt has been made to examine the criminal policy from the perspective of Imam Ali (AS) with emphasis on white-collar criminals. The main question that is raised and examined in this article is that in the noble book of Nahj al-Balaghah, which expresses the speech and manners of Imam Ali (AS) in relation to dealing with the crimes of white-collar workers, what are the criminal solutions? Methodology: The present article is a descriptive-analytical and uses the library method to investigate the issue. Findings and Results: The results of the research indicate that Imam Ali (AS) believed in two approaches to penal policy, punishment and correction. In the punitive approach, they believed in the certainty of punishments, and in the corrective approach, they believed in pardoning and not blaming criminals and avoiding labeling. Regarding the criminal policy of white-collar crimes, they also emphasized on the public execution of punishments, determination, severity and equality in the execution of punishments. In addition, the results indicate that in order to implement criminal policy, high judicial authorities and judges of the courts should take a strong and decisive approach to this issue by using the ideas of Imam Ali.

Negative personality traits have a deep relationship with committing crimes. Each person's personality is formed based on her/her personality traits, and if a negative personality trait grows, it leads a person to do bad things. The purpose of the current research is to examine the jurisprudential and legal effects of Islamic lifestyle in preventing white-collar crimes. Traditionally, white collar crimes in criminology are known as crimes committed by high-ranking people at work. In this research, considering the nature and quality of this research, the research method is document analysis type, and considering the subject of this research, which examines jurisprudential and legal prevention strategies of these crimes, this research is one of the basic researches. The research tool also includes questionnaires and the data has been collected, classified and analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. Some of the findings of this research show that the high status of white collar criminals in social and economic structures prevents these criminals from being labeled as criminals and Islamic lifestyle plays an important role in preventing these crimes.

Negative personality characteristics have deep relationships with crime and wrongdoing. Personality of each person is formed based on their personality characteristics and if these negative personality characteristics grow, they will lead towards wrongdoings. This study intends to investigate white-collar criminals’ personality characteristics, not only to identify them precisely but also to prevent and correct them. Therefore; this study deals with white-collar criminals’ personality characteristics. This descriptive-analytical study uses survey techniques and its data collection tool is based on library and digital data methods. The target society includes all white-collar criminals. With regards to this study, the question which was answered is that what characteristics do these white-collar criminals have? The findings include: certain personality characteristics are effective in perpetrating and setting the stage for crimes. Some others which were expressed as white-collar criminals’ personality characteristics in the past studies, are not their unique ones and other category of characteristics are in conflict with white-collar criminals’ personality characteristics and can not be considered as their personality characteristics, like having duties that do not corresponds to criminality. As a result, personality characteristics have relative relationships with perpetrating crimes.